IP ADDRES
Ip addres adalah alamat yang diberikan pada jaringan computer dan peralatan jaringan yang menggunakan protocol TCP/IP.
Ip addres terdiri atas dua bagian
yaitu network id dan host id, dimana network id menentukan alamat jaringan
computer, sedangkan host id menentukan alamat host (computer, router,
switch).ip addres memberikan alamat lengkap suatu host beserta alamat jaringan
dimana host itu berbeda.
Ip
addres terdiri atas 32 bit angka biner yang dapat dituliskan sebagai empat
kelompok angka decimal yang dipisahkan.
KELAS-KELAS IP ADDRESS
· Kelas A
·
Kelas B
·
Kelas C
Kelas A ditandai dengan octet
pertama yaitu :
A = 00000000 = 0 = Nilai terendah
=
01111111 = 127 = Nilai tertinggi
B =
10000000 = 128 = Nilai terendah
=
10111111 = 191 = Nilai tertinggi
C =
11000000 = 192 = Nilai terendah
=
11011111 = 223 = Nilai tertinggi
Kelas A = 1 oktet = Network
=
3 oktet = Host
Kelas B = 2 oktet = Network
=
2 oktet = Host
Kelas C = 3 oktet = Network
=
1 oktet = Host
Oktet masing-masing IP Address
CLASS
|
OKTET PERTAMA
|
SUBNET MASK DEFAULT
|
PRIVATE ADDRESS
|
A
|
1-127
|
255.0.0.0
|
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
|
B
|
128-191
|
255.255.0.0
|
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
|
C
|
192-223
|
255.255.255.0
|
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
|
Ø KARASTERISTIK
IP KELAS A
ü Format =
0NNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
ü Bit
pertama = 0
ü Network
ID = 8 bit
ü Host
ID = 24 bit
ü Oktet
pertama = 1-127
ü Jumlah = 126 ( untuk 0 dan 127 dicadangkan
)
ü Range
IP = 1.X.X.X-126.X.X.X
ü Jumlah
IP = 16.777.214
Misalnya IP Address 120.31.45.18
maka
Network ID = 120
Host ID = 31.45.18
Jadi IP Address mempunyai Host
dengan nomor 31.45.18 pada jaringan 120.
Ø KARASTERISTIK
IP KELAS B
ü Format
= 10NNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH.HHHHHHHH
ü Bit
pertama = 10
ü Network
ID = 16 bit
ü Host
ID = 16 bit
ü Octet
pertama = 128-191
ü Jumlah = 16.384
ü Range
IP = 128.1.X.X-191.225.X.X
ü Jumlah
IP = 65.532
Misalnya IP Address 150.70.45.18
maka
Network ID = 150.70
Host ID = 45.18
Jadi IP diatas mempunyai Host
dengan nomor 45.18 pada jaringan 150.70
Ø KARASTERISTIK
IP KELAS C
ü Format =
110NNNNN.NNNNNNNN.NNNNNNNN.HHHHHHHH
ü Bit
pertama = 110
ü Network
ID = 24 bit
ü Host
ID = 8 bit
ü Octet
pertama = 192-223
ü Jumlah = 16.384
ü Range
IP = 192.0.0.X-223.255.255.X
ü Jumlah
IP = 254 IP
Misalnya IP Address 192.168.1.1
maka
Network ID = 192.168.1
Host ID = 1
Jadi IP diatas mempunyai Host
dengan nomor 1 pada jaringan 192.168.1
- Menghitung jumlah subnet dan host
- Jumlah subnet = 2x, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari1 pada octet terakhir subnet mask.
- Jumlah host per subnet = 2y-2, dimana y adalah banyaknya binary 0 pada octet terakhir subnet.
- Blok subnet = 256-192 ( nilai octet terakhir subnet mask )=64, subnet berikutnya adalah 64+64=128, dan 128+64=192. jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah 0,64,128,192.
- Alamat host dan broadcast =
ü Host
pertama adalah 1 angka setelah subnet,
ü Broadcast
adalah 1 angka sebelum subnet berikutnya,
ü Host
terakhir adalah 1 angka sebelum broadcast.
Subnet mask yang bisa digunakan
untuk melakukan subneting adalah :
SUBNET MASK
|
NILAI CIDR
|
SUBNET MASK
|
NILAI CIDR
|
255.128.0.0
|
/9
|
255.255.240.0
|
/20
|
255.192.0.0
|
/10
|
255.255.248.0
|
/21
|
255.224.0.0
|
/11
|
255.255.252.0
|
/22
|
255.240.0.0
|
/12
|
255.255.254.0
|
/23
|
255.248.0.0
|
/13
|
255.255.255.0
|
/24
|
255.252.0.0
|
/14
|
255.255.255.128
|
/25
|
255.254.0.0
|
/15
|
255.255.255.192
|
/26
|
255.255.0.0
|
/16
|
255.255.255.224
|
/27
|
255.255.128.0
|
/17
|
255.255.255.240
|
/28
|
255.255.192.0
|
/18
|
255.255.255.248.0
|
/29
|
255.255.224.0
|
/19
|
255.255.255.252
|
/30
|
Contoh
Ip class A :
126.0.0.0/25
Subnet Mask = 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 (255.255.255.128)
- Jumlah subnet = 217 = 131072
- Jumlah host /subnet = 27-2 = 128-2 = 126
- Blok subnet = 256-128 = 128 (0,128)
- Alamat host yang valid
NO
|
SUBNET
|
HOST AWAL
|
HOST AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
126.0.0.0
|
126.0.0.1
|
126.0.0.126
|
126.0.0.127
|
2.
|
126.0.0.128
|
126.0.129
|
126.0.0.254
|
126.0.0.255
|
3.
|
126.0.1.0
|
126.0.1.1
|
126.0.1.126
|
126.0.1.127
|
4.
|
126.0.1.128
|
126.0.1.129
|
126.0.1.254
|
126.0.1.255
|
5.
|
126.0.2.0
|
126.0.2.1
|
126.0.2.126
|
126.0.2.127
|
….
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
131071
|
126.255.255.0
|
126.255.255.1
|
126.255.255.126
|
126.255.255.127
|
131072
|
126.255.255.128
|
126.255.255.129
|
126.255.255.254
|
126.255.255.255
|
50.100.10.20/18
Subnet mask : 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 (
255.255.192.0 )
- Jumlah subnet = 210 = 1024
- Jumlah host / subnet = 214 – 2 = 16384 – 2 = 16382
- Blok subnet = 256–192 = 64 ( 0,64,128,192 )
- Alamat host yang valid :
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST AWAL
|
HOST AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
50.0.0.0
|
50.0.0.1
|
50.0.63.254
|
50.0.63.255
|
2.
|
50.0.64.0
|
50.0.64.1
|
50.0.127.254
|
50.0.127.255
|
3.
|
50.0.128.0
|
50.0.128.1
|
50.0.191.254
|
50.0.191.255
|
4.
|
50.0.192.0
|
50.0.192.1
|
50.0.255.254
|
50.0.255.255
|
5.
|
50.1.0.0
|
50.1.0.1
|
50.1.63.255
|
50.1.63.255
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
1023.
|
50.255.128.0
|
50.255.128.1
|
50.255.191.254
|
50.255.191.255
|
1024.
|
50.255.192.0
|
50.255.192.1
|
50.255.255.254
|
50.255.255.255
|
Contoh Ip class B :
172.16.0.0/20
Subnet mask = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
(255.255.240.0)
- Jumlah subnet = 24 = 16
- Jumlah host / subnet = 212-2 = 4096-2 = 4094
- Blok subnet = 256-240 = 16 ( 0,16,32,48,64-240)
- Alamat host yang valid
NO
|
SUBNET
|
HOST AWAL
|
HOST AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
172.16.0.0
|
172.16.0.1
|
172.16.15.254
|
172.16.15.255
|
2.
|
172.16.16.0
|
172.16.16.1
|
172.16.31.254
|
172.16.31.255
|
3.
|
172.16.32.0
|
172.16.32.1
|
172.16.47.254
|
172.16.47.255
|
4.
|
172.16.48.0
|
172.16.48.1
|
172.16.63.254
|
172.16.63.255
|
5.
|
172.16.64.0
|
172.16.64.1
|
172.16.79.254
|
172.16.79.255
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
15.
|
172.16.224.0
|
172.16.224.1
|
172.16.239.254
|
172.16.239.255
|
16.
|
172.16.240.0
|
172.16.240.1
|
172.16.255.254
|
172.16.255.255
|
Contoh IP class C
200.100.0.0/27
Subnet mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 (
255.255.255.254 )
1.
Jumlah subnet =
23 = 8 Subnet
2.
Jumlah host / subnet =
25 – 2 = 30 Host
3.
Blok subnet =
256 – 224 = 32 ( 0,32,64,96, 128 – 224 )
4.
Alamat host yang valid :
NO
|
SUBNET
|
HOST AWAL
|
HOST AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
200.100.0.0
|
200.100.0.1
|
200.100.0.30
|
200.100.0.31
|
2.
|
200.100.0.32
|
200.100.0.33
|
200.100.0.62
|
200.100.0.63
|
3.
|
200.100.0.64
|
200.100.0.65
|
200.100.0.94
|
200.100.0.95
|
4.
|
200.100.0.96
|
200.100.0.97
|
200.100.0.126
|
200.100.0.127
|
5.
|
200.100.0.128
|
200.100.0.129
|
200.100.0.158
|
200.100.0.159
|
6.
|
200.100.0.160
|
200.100.0.161
|
200.100.0.190
|
200.100.0.191
|
7.
|
200.100.0.192
|
200.100.0.193
|
200.100.0.222
|
200.100.0.223
|
8.
|
200.100.0.224
|
200.100.0.225
|
200.100.0.254
|
200.100.0.255
|
195.50.100.0/27
Subnet
mask : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
( 255.255.255.224 )
- Jumlah subnet = 23 = 8 Subnet
- Jumlah host / subnet = 25 – 2 = 32 host
- Blok subnet = 256 – 224 = 32 ( 0,32,64.96, 128,160 – 224 )
- Alamat host yang valid :
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST
AWAL
|
HOST
AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
195.50.100.0
|
195.50.100.1
|
195.50.100.30
|
195.50.100.31
|
2.
|
195.50.100.32
|
195.50.100.33
|
195.50.100.62
|
195.50.100.63
|
3.
|
195.50.100.64
|
195.50.100.65
|
195.50.100.94
|
195.50.100.95
|
4.
|
195.50.100.96
|
195.50.100.97
|
195.50.100.126
|
195.50.100.127
|
5.
|
195.50.100.128
|
195.50.100.129
|
195.50.100.158
|
195.50.100.159
|
6.
|
195.50.100.160
|
195.50.100.161
|
195.50.100.190
|
195.50.100.191
|
7.
|
195.50.100.192
|
195.50.100.193
|
195.50.100.222
|
195.50.100.223
|
8.
|
195.50.100.224
|
195.50.100.225
|
195.50.100.254
|
195.50.100.255
|
CONTOH-CONTOH
IP ADDRESS
126.100.50.30/19
Subnet
mask : 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
( 255.255.224.0 )
- Jumlah subnet = 211 = 2048 Subnet
- Jumlah host / subnet = 213 – 2 = 8192 – 2 = 8190 host
- Blok subnet = 256 – 224 = 32 ( 0,32,64,96,128,192,224 )
- Alamat host yang valid :
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST
AWAL
|
HOST
AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
126.0.0.0
|
126.0.0.1
|
126.0.31.254
|
126.0.31.255
|
2.
|
126.0.32.0
|
126.0.32.1
|
126.0.63.254
|
126.0.63.255
|
3.
|
126.0.64.0
|
126.0.64.1
|
126.0.95.254
|
126.0.95.255
|
4.
|
126.0.96.0
|
126.0.96.1
|
126.0.127.254
|
126.0.127.255
|
5.
|
126.0.128.0
|
126.0.128.1
|
126.0.191.254
|
126.0.191.255
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
2047.
|
126.255.192.0
|
126.255.192.1
|
126.255.223.254
|
126.255.223.255
|
2048.
|
126.255.224.0
|
126.255.224.1
|
126.255.255.254
|
126.255.255.255
|
220.100.100.0/29
Subnet
mask : 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
( 255.255.255.248 )
- Jumlah subnet = 25 = 32
- Jumlah host / subnet = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6
- Blok subnet = 256 – 248 = 8 ( 0,8,16,24,32,40,48 – 248 )
- Alamat host yang valid :
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST
AWAL
|
HOST
AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
200.100.100.0
|
200.100.100.1
|
200.100.100.6
|
200.100.100.7
|
2.
|
200.100.100.8
|
200.100.100.9
|
200.100.100.14
|
200.100.100.15
|
3.
|
200.100.100.16
|
200.100.100.17
|
200.100.100.22
|
200.100.100.23
|
4.
|
200.100.100.24
|
200.100.100.25
|
200.100.100.30
|
200.100.100.31
|
5.
|
200.100.100.32
|
200.100.100.33
|
200.100.100.38
|
200.100.100.39
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
31.
|
200.100.100.240
|
200.100.100.241
|
200.100.100.246
|
200.100.100.247
|
32.
|
200.100.100.248
|
200.100.100.249
|
200.100.100.254
|
200.100.100.255
|
191.10.5.0/24
Subnet
mask : 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
( 255.255.255.0 )
- Jumlah subnet = 28 = 256
- Jumlah host / subnet = 28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
- Blok subnet = 256 – 255 = 1 ( 0,1,2,3,4,5 – 255 )
- Alamat host yang valid
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST
AWAL
|
HOST
AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
191.10.0.0
|
191.10.0.1
|
191.10.0.254
|
191.10.0.255
|
2.
|
191.10.1.0
|
191.10.1.1
|
191.10.1.254
|
191.10.1.255
|
3.
|
191.10.2.0
|
191.10.2.1
|
191.10.2.254
|
191.10.2.255
|
4.
|
191.10.3.0
|
191.10.3.1
|
191.10.3.254
|
191.10.3.255
|
5.
|
191.10.4.0
|
191.10.4.1
|
191.10.4.254
|
191.10.4.255
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
…
|
255.
|
191.10.254.0
|
191.10.254.1
|
191.10.254.254
|
191.10.254.255
|
256.
|
191.10.255.0
|
191.10.255.1
|
191.10.255.254
|
191.10.255.255
|
NILAI-NILAI
SUBNET MASK
10000000 = 128
11000000 = 192
11100000 = 224
11110000 = 240
11111000 = 248
11111100 = 252
11111110 = 254
11111111 = 255
21 = 2 211 =
2048 221 = 2097152
22 = 4 212 =
4096 222 = 4194304
23 = 8 213 = 8192 223 = 8388608
24 = 16 214 = 16384
25 = 32 215 = 32768
26 = 64 216 = 65536
27 = 128 217 = 131072
28 = 256 218 = 262144
29 = 512 219 = 524288
210 = 1024 220 = 1048576
128.8.0.0/19
Subnet
mask : 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
( 255.255.224.0 )
- Jumlah subnet = 23 = 8
- Jumlah host / subnet = 213 – 2 = 8192 – 2 = 8190
- Blok subnet = 256 – 224 = 32 ( 0,32,64,96,128 – 224 )
- Alamat host yang valid :
NO.
|
SUBNET
|
HOST
AWAL
|
HOST
AKHIR
|
BROADCAST
|
1.
|
128.8.0.0
|
128.8.0.1
|
128.8.31.254
|
128.8.31.255
|
2.
|
128.8.32.0
|
128.8.32.1
|
128.8.63.254
|
128.8.63.255
|
3.
|
128.8.64.0
|
128.8.64.1
|
128.8.95.254
|
128.8.95.255
|
4.
|
128.8.96.0
|
128.8.96.1
|
128.8.127.254
|
128.8.127.255
|
5.
|
128.8.128.0
|
128.8.128.1
|
128.8.159.254
|
128.8.159.255
|
6.
|
128.8.160.0
|
128.8.160.1
|
128.8.191.254
|
128.8.191.255
|
7.
|
128.8.192.0
|
128.8.192.1
|
128.8.223.254
|
128.8.223.255
|
8.
|
128.8.224.0
|
128.8.224.1
|
128.8.255.254
|
128.8.255.255
|
Kesimpulan
- Kelas
A ( untuk jaringan dengan jumlah
host yang sangat besar)
1 oktet pertama disebut network
3 oktet
terakhir disebut host
IP Addres
kls A Dimulai dari 1-127
- Kelas
B ( untuk jaringan berukuran sedang dan besar )
2 oktet pertama disebut network
2 oktet
terakhir disebut host
IP Addres
kls B Dimulai dari 128-191
- Kelas
C ( untuk jaringan berukuran kecil-LAN )
3 oktet pertama disebut network
1 oktet
terakhir disebut host
IP Addres kls C Dimulai dari
192-223
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